How would that fact manifest itself in language? I wasn't sure at first. Some trite examples came first: three "levels" for consonants, as in Korean. For those who don't know
- ㅂ means b/p (unaspirated)
- ㅃ means bb (tensed)
- ㅍ means p' (strong and aspirated)
Now that I've been exposed to ejective consonants (thanks to Na'vi), I imagined three levels that would be clear to me:
- ㅂ could come to mean /b/ (voiced)
- ㅃ could mean /p/ (unvoiced, aspirated)
- ㅍ could mean /p'/ (ejective)
Interestingly, there are 9 triples like this that English speakers can readily distinguish:
- /b/, /p/, and /p'/
- /ʒ/, /ʃ/, and /ʃ'/ (zh, sh, and sh')
- /ʤ/, /ʧ/, and /ʧ'/ (j, ch, and ch')
- /d/, /t/, and /t'/
- /g/, /k/, and /k'/
- /v/, /f/, and /f'/
- /ð/, /θ/, and /θ'/ (they, thin, BATH! - as an angry, two syllable word)
- /z/, /s/, and /s'/
- /ʣ/, /ʦ/, and /ʦ/
There are three clicks that I can distinguish by hearing alone:
- ʘ - like a kissing sound but without the lip pursing
- ! - your tongue sucks to the roof of your mouth and then slaps down
- | - like the tsk of calling a horse. I can't tell the difference with ‖.
The vowels can easily be divided up into 9, 3 high, 3 mid and 3 low: beet, bit, boot, bate, soot, boat, bet, bat, bot. There are also three nasal consonants (and thanks to Na'vi, I can say 'ng' at the start of a word now!) I can hear:
- /m/
- /n/
- /ŋ/
Also thanks to Na'vi, here are three liquid consonants
- /l/
- /r/
- /ɾ/
I had trouble thinking of three glides (just /j/ and /w/) but then again, the lack of one could be the third!
There are three tenses: past, present, future. There are three persons: first, second and third. Hebrew has three numbers: singular, dual, plural ... or maybe I should go with the Kantian: singularity, plurality, universality. Greek has three voices: active, middle, passive. Aspect could have perfective, imperfective or none-specified. Korean has three level of deixis (just like English used to have): here, there and yonder.
Obviously, I was seeing three's because I wanted to. I will write tomorrow about how I set this vision aside for something harder and less idealistic.
No comments:
Post a Comment